The Temple of Apollo on the island of Naxos, also known as the Portara, is one of the most iconic and enduring symbols of ancient Greece. Standing tall at the entrance to the harbor of Naxos, this massive marble gateway is the only remaining part of what was intended to be a grand temple dedicated to the god Apollo. The Portara, with its imposing size and scenic location, has captivated visitors for centuries, offering a glimpse into the rich history and mythology of the Cycladic islands.
The Historical Significance of the Temple of Apollo
The Temple of Apollo was commissioned by the tyrant Lygdamis, who ruled Naxos during the 6th century BC. Lygdamis envisioned the temple as one of the grandest in the Greek world, a testament to Naxos’s wealth and power during this period. However, construction of the temple was never completed, likely due to political upheaval and the fall of Lygdamis from power.
Despite its unfinished state, the Portara has remained standing for over 2,500 years. The gateway, which was originally intended to be the entrance to the temple’s cella (the inner chamber), is made of four massive marble blocks, each weighing about 20 tons. The sheer size and weight of these blocks are a testament to the architectural ambition and engineering skills of the ancient builders
The temple was dedicated to Apollo, the god of the sun, music, and prophecy, among other things. Naxos was an important religious center in the ancient world, and the island’s connection to Apollo is rooted in mythology. According to legend, Apollo was born on the nearby island of Delos, and the temple on Naxos was intended to honor his significance to the region.
Architectural Brilliance: The Portara
The Portara is one of the most striking examples of ancient Greek architecture still in existence. The gateway stands 6 meters high and 3.5 meters wide, and its stark, rectangular shape frames the sky and sea, creating a breathtaking visual effect. The Portara’s location on a small islet called Palatia, connected to the main island by a causeway, enhances its dramatic appearance. It is particularly stunning at sunset when the marble structure is bathed in golden light, and the view through the gateway opens to the endless horizon of the Aegean Sea.
The temple’s design was typical of the Doric order, characterized by its simple, sturdy columns and unadorned capitals. However, because the temple was never completed, only the Portara remains to give us a sense of its intended grandeur. Over the centuries, the marble blocks from the unfinished temple were repurposed for other buildings on Naxos, leaving the Portara as the solitary remnant of Lygdamis’s grand vision.
A Place of Myth and Legend
The Portara is steeped in myth and legend, further enhancing its allure. One of the most famous legends associated with the site is the story of Ariadne, the Cretan princess who was abandoned by the hero Theseus on Naxos. According to mythology, it was on the islet of Palatia where Ariadne was left alone, only to be discovered and taken by the god Dionysus. This connection to the myth of Ariadne and Dionysus has made the Portara a symbol of love, loss, and divine intervention.
In addition to its mythical associations, the Portara has also been linked to the ancient Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens. Naxos was a key member of the league, and the temple was likely intended to signify the island’s importance within this political and religious network.
Why You Should Visit the Temple of Apollo
Visiting the Temple of Apollo is an opportunity to experience the timeless beauty and historical significance of one of Greece’s most iconic ancient sites. Here are some reasons why you should consider adding the Portara to your travel itinerary:
- Stunning Views: The Portara’s location on Palatia offers breathtaking views of the Aegean Sea and the surrounding landscape. It is one of the best spots on Naxos to watch the sunset, with the gateway perfectly framing the vibrant colors of the sky and sea.
- Architectural Marvel: The sheer size and craftsmanship of the Portara are impressive, showcasing the architectural ambitions of ancient Greece. The gateway is a striking example of the Doric style and provides a fascinating glimpse into the engineering capabilities of the time.
- Mythological Significance: The Portara is closely linked to Greek mythology, particularly the stories of Apollo and Ariadne. Standing before the gateway, you can almost feel the presence of the ancient gods and heroes who once inspired these legends.
- Cultural Heritage: The Temple of Apollo is a significant part of Naxos’s cultural and historical heritage. A visit to the Portara allows you to connect with the island’s ancient past and gain a deeper understanding of its role in the wider context of Greek history.
- Photographic Opportunities: The Portara is a photographer’s dream, offering dramatic compositions against the backdrop of the sea and sky. The site is especially popular for sunset photography, with the golden light adding a magical touch to the scene.
Visiting the Temple of Apollo: A Journey Through Time
The Temple of Apollo is easily accessible from the main town (Chora) of Naxos. The Portara is located on the islet of Palatia, which is connected to the mainland by a short causeway. The walk to the site is pleasant, offering beautiful views of the harbor and town.
The best time to visit the Portara is during the late afternoon or early evening when the sun is setting. This is when the gateway is most photogenic, and the atmosphere is at its most serene. However, the site can be visited at any time of day, and its beauty is captivating in all light conditions.
There is no entrance fee to visit the Portara, and the site is open to the public year-round. While there are no formal guided tours, informational plaques provide historical context, and the location itself offers plenty of inspiration for reflection and exploration.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is the Temple of Apollo on Naxos?
The Temple of Apollo on Naxos, also known as the Portara, is an ancient Greek temple dedicated to the god Apollo. The only remaining part of the temple is the large marble gateway, which has become an iconic symbol of the island.
2. How do you reach the Temple of Apollo?
The Portara is located on the islet of Palatia, which is connected to the main town of Naxos (Chora) by a short causeway. It is easily accessible on foot from the town.
3. What makes the Temple of Apollo architecturally unique?
The Portara is a striking example of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its massive size and simple, rectangular shape. It is the only remaining part of what was intended to be a grand temple, showcasing the architectural ambition of the time.
4. Why is the Temple of Apollo significant in Greek mythology?
The Temple of Apollo is linked to several myths, including the story of Ariadne and Dionysus. The temple was dedicated to Apollo, the god of the sun, music, and prophecy, who was highly revered in ancient Greece.
5. When is the best time to visit the Temple of Apollo?
The best time to visit is during the late afternoon or early evening, especially at sunset. The Portara is beautifully illuminated by the setting sun, making it a popular spot for photography and reflection.
Conclusion
The Temple of Apollo on Naxos is more than just an ancient ruin; it is a symbol of the island’s rich cultural heritage and a testament to the enduring power of Greek mythology. Whether you are drawn by its architectural grandeur, its mythological significance, or simply the stunning views it offers, a visit to the Portara is sure to leave a lasting impression. As you stand beneath the towering gateway, with the sea and sky stretching out before you, you will feel a deep connection to the history, legends, and natural beauty of this extraordinary place.
